Family planning. It's well known that China has a family planning policy which allows couples to have only one child. Violation of that policy was punished by sterilization. The Chengs claimed that they could not be removed from the United States based on Article III of the United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. The Convention prohibits the expulsion of an alien if there are substantial grounds to believe that he or she would be in danger of being subjected to torture. The Chengs claims that the Chinese policy constituted torture. The Immigration Judge rejected their claims for relief from removal and the Board of Immigration Appeals affirmed. The Second Circuit, in Ni v. Board of Immigration Appeals, held that the immigration judge's failure to consider the Chengs' claims constituted reversible error, granted the Chengs' petition and remanded the case for further proceedings. The decision can be found at the Second Circuit website. The case was decided on February 13, 2006.