Human Shield. Judith Karpova went to Iraq to act as a human shield and protect the civilian infrastructure. In doing so, she violated several executive orders and regulations of the Treasury Department and was fined $6.700. Ms. Karpova brought an action, claiming that the government had violated her First and Fifth Amendment rights. The District Court granted summary judgment to the government, dismissing the claims. Karpova appealed.

The Second Circuit affirmed, holding that the government had provided Ms. Karpova all the constitutional protections to which she was entitled and that the penalty imposed her was proper under the pertinent orders and regulations.

The decision in Karpova v. Snow can be found here.