Executives. In answer to a certified question, the New York State Court of Appeals has held that an executive is an employee under the New York Labor Law, article 5, except where expressly excluded. The Court of Appeals further held that section 193 of the Labor Law did not prevent the parties from entering into a contract where a commission was not "earned" until after certain deductions were made from her percentage of gross billings.

The answers provided by the Court of Appeals worked to the detriment of an executive who, upon leaving her company, sued it for making certain purportedly unlawful dcductions.

The decision in Pachter v. Bernard Hodes Group can be found here.